Examination of World Leaders Part 4

According to The Global Wealth Report 2016 by the Credit Suisse Research Institute, the global wealth is about 256 trillion dollars and the wealth per adult was near $ 53,000. However, the average wealth is simply dividing the entire world’s wealth by total adult population and this does not show the true median wealth per adult. For example, the U.S. average wealth in 2015 was about $353,000 and the median was less than $50,000. In 2015, about 33.7 million adults own more than $1 million of net worth. They make up for about 0.7 percent of global population and own about $ 113 trillion, over 45% of global wealth. About 43 nations, almost a quarter of the world’s countries, are under monarchs.

The following Examination of World Leaders reveals corruption and unfairness among many world leaders; and that the world is still very much under the stay of the evil one and sorcerers – who control, enslave, cause rebellion against justice and impartiality, and allow their countrymen to be bewitched.

http://geology.com/world/world-map.shtml

EXAMINATION of 167 WORLD LEADERS (Jan. 2017) Key: SWP = Share of World Population; SWW = Share of World Wealth/PPP (2015); L. = Leaders; MWA = Median Wealth per Adult; P = Population (2016); m = million; B = billion; T = Trillion; k = thousands; Sources at bottom; N/A = not avail.
Country	Name	L. Worth			P/SWP/SWW	MWA$
WORLD	4.4 billion adults	$256 Tril.			7.4 B/100/100%	3.6k
January 2017 the total world wealth (GNW or Gross National Wealth = assets – liabilities) was estimated to be $256 trillion, with the top 30 nations as follows: $83 trillion in the U.S., $24T in Japan, $23.4T in China, $14.5T in the UK (loss of $1T from 2015 due to Brexit & value of pound), $12.4T in Germany, $11.9T in France, $10T Italy, $7.6T Canada, $6.4T Australia, $6.3T S. Korea, $4.4T Spain, $3.4T Switzerland, $3.2T Taiwan, $3.1T India, $2.5T Brazil, $2.4T Netherlands, $2.3T Belgium, $1.8T Indonesia, $1.7T Sweden, $1.6T Mexico, $1.4T Austria, $1.2T Norway, $1.2T Hong Kong, $1.1T Singapore, $1.1T Russia, $1.1T Denmark, $1.1T Turkey, $1T New Zealand, $.95T Greece, and .9T Israel. Most of the other 163 countries have much less of the world’s wealth.
Hong Kong	Andrew Leung		N/A	7.3m/.1%/.8%		34.2k
About 214 BC, emperor Qin Huang conquered and claimed the ‘Fragrant Harbor (Hong Kong)’ as part of China. The territory remained under the control of Chinese dynasties for centuries. Portuguese ‘pirates’ reached Chinese waters early 16^th century, but it was the British that would gain control. Around 1596 a British fleet was ‘lost’ in Chinese waters. In 1637, British Captain Weddell landed at Canton and began trade negotiations on behalf of the East India Company (EIC; Merchants of London Trading established in 1600 by 125 shareholders and chartered by Queen Elizabeth I; there merchandise was at the Boston Tea Party; and by 1873 the company and its military force was assumed by Britain). In the early 1800s the fishing village had a population less than 8,000 in part due to thousands being ordered in the 1660s by Emperor of Qing to evacuate to other inland villages. In 1833, the monopoly of the EIC was abolished and dozens of British companies, along with the EIC, trafficked opium from India to China. Opium flooded the black market as British ships unloaded opium on one side and missionaries on the other. Citizens of China became addicted and multitudes lay wasted in opium rooms. In March 1839, Commissioner Lin of the Chinese Government ordered about 20,000 chests of opium from British ships to be destroyed without payment. September 1839, on behalf of English merchants, the First Opium War began. August 1842 the Queen of England and Emperor of China signed the Treaty of Nanking which ended the war, but ceded the territory of Hong Kong Island to Britain. After a Second Opium War, in 1860, the Kowloon Peninsula was ceded and Chinese was forced to lease its own lands from Britain. In 1941, during WWI, the Japanese occupied Hong Kong (and parts of China). Though WWII ended with Japan, Chinese civil war between Nationalists and Communists continued. Britain regained control of Hong Kong, but now its population was about 650,000 (half of 1941 due Japanese occupation). In the late 1970s the Hong Kong Chinese government was seeking independence. In 1984, the Sino-British Joint Declaration was signed granting Hong Kong’s return to China in June 1997 after 156 years of British rule. In 1989 the massacre of pro-democracy protesters occurred at Beijing’s Tiananmen Square. In 1992 the term of the last British governor ended; shortly afterwards the Hong Kong stock market crashed. For years after 1997, protest against Chinese control continued. In 2003, a half million people march in protest of China’s anti-subversion law – Article 23. In June 2005, tens of thousands in Hong Kong held a 16^th anniversary demonstration in Tiananmen Square. In 2006, Hong Kong bishop became a Cardinal in the Roman Catholic Church over about 300,000 Catholics on the island. Again in 2006, tens of thousands protested for democracy and against the Chinese ‘one child’ policy which most of Hong Kong ignored. In 2005 Donald Tsang won Chief Executive position by election and served until 2012. January 2017 the criminal trial against Tsang began on charges of corruption and misconduct in office. July 2012, Leung Chun-ying became the 3^rd Chief Executive of Hong Kong. In 2014, over 700,000 people (90% of voters) voted in favor of democracy in an unofficial vote; and 100,000 took to the streets in protest. November 2016 the Chinese High Court disqualified pro-independence legislators from Hong Kong.
Hungary	Janos Ader		N/A		9.8m/.13%/.2%	14.2k
Near the end of the 9^th century Hungarian (Magyar) tribes migrated to the Carpathian Basin. Led by ‘Prince’ Arpad and other chieftains they conquered, united and settled north of the Danube. About 1000, King Stephen I (great-great grandson of Arpad) began his reign. According to some legends, during that time he sent word to Pope Sylvester II to proclaim him as king of Hungary and he would proclaim Christianity their religion. The Pope did proclaim him king and legend says sent him a golden crown and cross. The king had several churches built. About 1242 the Mongols invaded much of Hungary; yet 100 years later, 1342 Louis the Great began his reign. A century later, in 1456 the Hungarians defeated the Ottomans at Belgrade. However, in 1526 the Ottoman Turks conquered much of Hungary. In 1699 the Hungarians, under Leopold I of the Austrian Habsburgs, pushed the Turks out of the territory. Habsburg rule continued for 150 years until an uprising to place, but was suppressed. Nevertheless, the voice of the people was heard, and in 1867, Hungary merged into the Austro-Hungarian Empire. In 1918, after WWI the Empire was broken up and Hungary was proclaimed an independent Republic. Yet, the next year communists took power under Bela Kun. They declared war on Czechoslovakia and Romania (who occupied Budapest). In 1920, under the Treaty of Trianon, over 2/3rds of their territory was given to the Czechs, Romanians and Slavs of Yugoslavia. More over a Habsburg king was not allowed to rule in the Kingdom of Hungary. Admiral Horthy was appointed as Regent. He aligned with Nazi Germany in hopes of regaining territory. In 1938, the Munich Agreement caused the Czechs to cede land to Germany, and Hungary was granted some loss territory. In 1939, Hungary joined the Axis forces in WWII and regained parts of Transylvania. In 1944, the Nazis turned on Hungarian Jews and gypsies and deported masses to death camps. Soviet communists sought to control the region after WWII until the 1956 uprising led by Janos Kadar when Stalin’s statue was toppled and Kadar became the head of the government. In 1988, Karoly Grosz replaced Kadar and the following year the Communist state was replaced with democracy. In 1990 Hungary withdrew from the Warsaw Pact. In 1991, the last of Soviet troops withdrew and the Warsaw Pact was dissolved. In 1999, they joined NATO. In 2003, they entered the EU. The 2008 global financial crisis significantly affected Hungary. In 2011 a new constitution was approved reducing MPs and giving more power to the ruling Fidesz party. In 2012 tens of thousands in Budapest protested the new constitution. The country’s state-owned airline Malev went bankrupt and Hungary received a junk credit rating. In May 2012, Janos Ader of the Fidesz party was elected President. In 2013 the constitution was amended banning certain political advertisements and restricting religious groups. In 2014 Ader was reelected; yet tens of thousands in Budapest protested PM Orban’s plan to tax the internet – calling him a ‘Dictator.’ In 2015, 200,000 migrants (mostly Syrian refugees) sought to cross their fence on the Serbian border. Only about 150 of more than 177,000 were granted asylum in Hungary and thousands have died seeking to cross the fence or sea. Hungary’s household wealth was the second lowest of Eurozone countries. Hungary officials are reported to often take bribes from U.S. and other foreign corporations and to defraud the country’s treasuries. It is said that 95% of Hungary’s public investments comes from the EU. It is reported that many in the Hungarian government have funneled money from the Central Bank to friends and family; included PM Viktor Orban (head of National Bank of Hungary) who funneled almost $1 to six foundations he set up. Additionally, Hungary’s head prosecutor is the husband of the Central Bank’s human resourses chief and foundation trustee; and other trustees include such as the head of the BOT of the Pada foundation – which received endowments over $218 million in 2014.
India	Pranab Mukherjee		2+m		1.3B/17.5%/4.1%	1k
Being close to Mesopotamia, the Indus Valley was one of the first civilizations on Earth; emerging about 2800 BC. Then according to anthropologists about 1000 years later, around 1800BC – note same time as the Great Flood (during Noah’s day) – the civilization of hundreds of thousands of Indians disappeared. Then Aryans (Central Asians speaking Indo-European) between 1600 to 1500BC began to migrate into the Indus Valley. During their ‘Vedic Period’ lasting 1000 years Hinduism was developed. Then during the 5^th century BC Buddha lived and died and gained followers. In 327 BC Alexander the Great conquered part of the Indus Valley, which was taken back in 304 BC by king Chandra-Gupta. His successor conquered Mauryan lands in central India. Over the centuries India was invaded by many peoples, including the Parthians. But the Gupta dynasty prevailed and lasted about 800 years. During the sixth century AD migrants from Iran and Central Asia filled northern India; while various tribes settled with their numerous languages throughout India. The Rashtrkutas were one of the most dominant and ruled in Avanti and the Palas in Bengal. Invasions continued for centuries from peoples as far as the Turks. In the 16^th century European powers established trading posts in India and began to set up colonies. The British East India Company came to India in 1600. They gathered spices, silks, cottons, tea and coffee and shipped them into Europe; and they took India’s opium and traded into ports such as Hong Kong. The merchants of London pushed for colonization for monetary reasons, though much was said to be done in the name of Christianity and Democracy. In May 1857 in Meerut a large revolt against the British power began a war for India’s independence. The British suppressed them and took direct control and rule of all India in 1858. By 1885 the Indian National Congress was founded. In 1920, Mahatma Gandhi began anti-British protests. It was not until after WWII, in 1947 that British rule ended and India was partitioned into Hindu India and Muslim Pakistan. Over the next year hundreds of thousands died in civil war and in 1948 Gandhi was assassinated. In 1962 India lost part of its border to China in a war. And in 1965 it entered a Second War with Pakistan over Kashmir. In 1966, Indira Gandhi became prime minister. In 1971, a Third War with Pakistan occurred over the creation of Bangladesh (formerly East-Pakistan). In 1971, to gain stability in the region, India signed a 20 year treaty with the Soviet Union. In 1975 several India governments tried to inforce a compulsory birth control program; over the next 2 years about 1,000 were imprisoned for their protests. In 1984 Indira Gandhi was assassinated and her son Rajiv took her office. That year Union Carbide’s gas leaks killed thousands and disabled tens of thousands. The US Dow Chemical subsidiary pesticide (poison) plant agreed to a $470 million settlement; and it took 20 years for the Indian Supreme Court to force the company to pay the bulk of the settlement. In 1990 conflicts with Sri Lanka occurred. In 1991, Rajiv Gandhi was assassinated. In 1999 a war in Kashmir occurred over border disputes. By 2000, India’s population reaches 1 billion. In 2001 conflicts with Pakistan continued resulting in many deaths. By this time, India had nuclear weapons to deter major border wars. As Pakistan gained nuclear technology, a ceasefire was reached in 2003 and in 2004 India withdrew some troops from Kashmir. In 2006 more than 180 people were killed by a bomb in Mumbai, India, by Islamic militants from Pakistan. In 2008 President Bush approved a law to sell India US nuclear reactors and fuel. In 2007 Pratibha Patil became the first women president of India. In 2008 Islamist militants killed about 50 in Ahmedabad and another 200 in Mumbai. In 2011, 14 officials including a government telecom minister and MP Kanimozhi, went on trial for corruption and bribery. Tens of billions were lost in the miss-selling of licenses needed to gain access to India’s 700+ million mobile phone users. In 2012 Mukherjee became the 13^th president of India. He is the wealthiest of all their former presidents, previously serving as Commerce Minister and Finance Minister of India. He has been accused of giving jobs to family and friends, including India’s richest billionaires. As much as a trillion dollars is suspected to be hidden in oversea tax havens. In 2015, an ex-PM was arrested in relation to a Coal Corruption probe. In 2016 India purchased 36 French fighter jets the same month that tens of millions of workers went on strike protesting low wages. With over 17% of the world’s population, India has about 4% of the world’s wealth and its people are extremely poor. India was generations behind on retooling its automobile plants and other industrial plants. In 2009, India (and Pakistan) submitted application with the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) and in 2016 it was announced at the SCO summit that they would become full members.
Indonesia	Joko Widodo		N/A		260m/3.5%/1%	2k
Before the 7^th century Srivijaya (Buddhists) migrated to the peninsula and island chain. The Srivijayan Empire grew and expanded in Palembang, Java and other areas. They were the first Indonesian Kingdom and lasted until about 1400. In the late 1600s the kingdom was brought under control of the Dutch as Dutch East Indies. This lasted for over 300 years as they continued to profit off of Indonesian resources. In 1928 a youth movement began that called for ‘one nation, one language, one people.’ In 1942 Japan invaded the territory and for return of resources they aided Sukarno rebels in a revolution that would overturn Dutch control. After WWII in 1949 Indonesia gained independence after years of guerrilla warfare. In 1966, Sukarno handed over power to Gen. Suharto, who became president in 1967. In 1969, West Papua incorporated into Indonesia. In 1975 Portugal granted East Timor independence and the following year Indonesia invaded them and took the province. Sukarno’s family is said to have made a fortune do to his corruption. Yet, it was Suharto family that Slate.com reported had stolen between $15 and $35 billion from their country in bribes, theft, embezzlement, and deals. After 32 years of dictatorship, in 1998 Suharto was toppled and Habibie became president. Suharto was said to be Indonesia’s most corrupt dictator who ruled with bloodshed; and western corporations took advantage of his greed and power. In 2001 President Wahid was taken from office over corruption; and his VP Sukarnoputri was sworn in office. In 2002 East Timor gained its independence. That year a bomb placed in Bali by Islamic militants (extremists) killed over 200. In 2004, the first direct elections were held and Bambang became president by a narrow margin. In 2005, three suicide bombers killed 23 people in Bali. In 2006 Indonesians protested against US-owned gold and copper mines. In 2009 more suicide bomb attacks occurred; this time in Jakarta. In 2011 Muslim protestors set 2 Christian churches on fire. In 2011, 8000 workers went on strike against the U.S. Freeport-McMoran gold and copper mine corporation. In 2013 two Chevron managers were sentenced due to corruption. The country has been the second largest producer of rubber; and Goodyear has been accused of bribing officials. In 2014, former governor of Jakarta, Widodo became president. Note that over the last decade US relations with Indonesia has deteriorated and their relationship with the SCO has increased.
Iran	Ayatol. Ali H-Khamenei		Billions		80m/1.1%/.7%	3.4k
About 500 BC the Achaemenid dynasty ruled the rising Persian Empire. Darius the Great (mentioned in the Bible) ruled about that time. By 330 BC Alexander the Great conquered the Persians; yet his rule lasted only about 7 years. Afterwards the (Greek) Seleucid Empire rose and lasted until about 140 BC, time of the Parthian Empire; which reigned until about 224 AD and the Sassanid dynasty. In 636, Islamic Arabs invaded and began to rule. Between the mid-800s and about 1220, there were several Iranian and Turkic dynasties. In 1220, Genghis Khans Mongols invaded Persia and ruled for over 200 years. By 1501, Shia Muslims rose to reign and Shia Islam was declared the state religion. The Muslims wared with the Ottoman Empire for about 150 years until 1639 and the Treaty of Zuhab. In 1794 Mohammad Khan Qajar forces killed the last Zand Shah (leader) and founded the Qajar dynasty. In 1828 after the Second Russo-Persian War, Iran ceded Caucasus to Russia. Though Persia was neutral during WWI, many battles took place on its territory. In 1935 Persia became known as Iran. During WWII an Anglo-Russian occupation took place in Iran. In 1950, PM Razmara was assassinated after serving only 9 months. In 1951, Iran Parliament voted to nationalize the oil industry – dominated by the British-owned Anglo-Persian Oil Company; now British Petroleum (since 1954). In 1979 Ayatollah Khomeini returned from exile and began to rule until 1989. In 1979 Islamic militants took 52 American hostages which were not released until 444 days (1981). In 1980 the Iran-Iraq war began which lasted 8 years. In 1989 the US released $567 million in frozen Iranian assets. The next year a major earthquake killed about 40,000. In 1995 the US imposed oil and trade sanctions due to Iran’s terrorists’ sponsorship. In 1999, 1000 students were arrested in a pro-democracy riot. In 2002 President George Bush called ‘Iraq, Iran and N. Korea’ and ‘axis of evil.’ About that time Russia was helping Iran build its first nuclear reactor. In 2003, 40,000 more thousand people died in an earthquake. In 2004 Iran was reported by the IAEA for failing to cooperate with nuclear inspections. In 2007/2008 new stronger sanctions were placed on Iran by the US and UN. Immediately afterwards, Iran tested their Shahab-3 long-range missile. In 2009 Iran was called by the US state department the ‘most active state sponsor of terrorism.’ After to 2009 elections riots broke out and about 30 people were killed and over 1,000 arrested. In 2010 a woman was sentenced to death by stoning for adultery. That same month 27 were killed by suicide bombers in a Shia mosque near the Pakistan border. In 2012, UN inspectors found traces of uranium enriched; EU boycotted Iranian oil. Iranian currency falls and cost country billions. In 2013 Iran was given $7 billion in sanction relief. In 2014 Russia agreed to build 8 nuclear reactors in Iran. In 1989 Sayyed Ali Khamenei (3^rd President of Iran and Led Muslim Cleric) became the Supreme Leader of Iran. In 2005 to 2013, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad was president; and was succeeded by Ali Khamenei. Sayyed Khamenei’s ownership in Setad is in the billions; though his people are very poor. The Grand Ayatollah Ali Hoseini-Khanmenei was listed #18 on Forbes most powerful people in 2016. His son Mojtaba was said to be worth about $21 billion then. Iran is seeking full membership in the SCO.
Iraq	Fuad Masum		N/A		38m/.5%/.2%	1k
Both the Bible and anthropologists teach civilization began from Mesopotamia (‘between the rivers;’ as in Tigris and Euphrates (Genesis 2:14) from where Abram left Ur of the Chaldeans (Babylonians; Gen. 11:9, 28-31). It was the land of the Amorites and Assyrians 3500 BC to 2500 BC. By 1500 BC the Assyrians ruled the north and Babylonians in the south. By 500 BC as prophesied by Daniel, the Persian Empire conquered, and then the Greeks by 300 BC, which began the Seleucid Kingdom, still surrounded by Assyrians and Arabians. Then the Parthian Empire arose and the Arabians kept to the west. Until the Romans conquered and ruled for centuries pushing back the Parthian Empire. Yet the Persian Empire by 500 AD rose again and conquered the territory leaving Syria to the west and the Arabians. By 700 AD the Arabians were being conquered and converted to Islam and Muslims set up their Caliphate over the Persian Empire. Civil wars and border conflicts continued for centuries. In the 13^th century the Mongols invaded and threaten the territory. The Turks occupied parts of the territory from the mid-1400s until the mid-1600s when the Safavids Muslim Shiites of Iran conquered much of the area. In 1534, Iraq came under control of the Ottoman Empire, yet tribes were still vying for power and land. In 1917 after WWI the Ottoman Empire lost control and Britain seized Baghdad. In 1920 the League of Nations set up the British mandate in Iraq. Revolts spread throughout the country. In 1921 the British appointed Fayasal as king. He was the son of Hussein Bin Ali, the Sherif of Mecca. In 1932 the mandate ended; yet, soon after WWII began and Britain retook Iraq after a coup. Several protest, revolts and coups followed. In 1963 the PM was ousted in a coup and Arif became president. Coups and government changes continued until 1968 and Ahmad Hasan al-Bakr sieged power. In 1972 Iraq nationalized its Iraq Petroleum Company (previously the Turkish Pet. Co. founded in 1929 by Anglo-Persian Oil / Royal Dutch Shell; now owned mainly by BP, RDS, & Exxon, and headquartered in London). In 1979 Saddam Hussein succeeded Al-Bakr as president and became a dictator. From 1980 to 1988 they were at war with Iran. In 1988 Iraq troops killed thousands in Halabjah with poison gas. In 1990 Iraq invaded Kuwait – would become the First Gulf War. September 11, 1991 the twin towers in N.Y. were destroyed in a terrorist attack. The Gulf War followed in Kuwait. In 1995, S. Hussein was reconfirmed as president. His family made hundreds of millions from the oil resources and kickbacks and embezzlement. In 2001 Britain and the US bombed and conquered the Iraq forces. In 2003 Hussein was ousted and 2 of his sons killed in a battle in Mosul. The next month a car bomb killed 125 in Najaf, including Shia Ayatollah Baqr al-Hakim. Hussein was captured in December; the next March suicide bombers killed 140 in Karbala and Baghdad. About a year later in 2005 114 were killed by a car bomb in Hilla. That year Jalal Talabani became president. Violence continued with 1,100 killed in April and May by car bombs, suicide bombers and shootings. In 2006 Al-Qaeda leader Abu al-Zarqawi was killed by a US air strike in June; that November 200 died by car bombings; then in December 2006 Saddam Hussein was executed for crimes against humanity. More than 34,000 civilians were killed in 2006. February 2007 a car bomb killed about 130 in Baghdad, followed by 200 one April day and 250 in August in two Kurdish villages. In 2007 Blackwater (US private ‘security’ company) guards were accused of killing 17 citizens; protests followed. In 2009 Masoud Barzani was reelected president. Between October and December more than 600 were killed by car and suicide bombs and shootings. In 2010-2011 US combat troops left Iraq and civil war continued. In 2012 due to concerns over corruption, Iraq canceled a $4.2 billion arms deal with Russia. In 2013 over 500 prisoners escaped from Taji and Abu Ghraib prisons. (Note Ibrahim Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi was with the Muslim Brotherhood and in 2004 arrested, put in Abu Ghraib until 2008 and allowed by US officials to visit various sections from religious meetings – during which ISIS/ISIL/IS was conceived; he proclaimed himself the Caliph in 2014). In 2014 Muhammad Fuad Masum became the 7^th president of Iraq. It is said by many that ‘everybody is corrupt in Iraq;’ at least about most of the officials and corporations (banks, military, oil, etc.). Many are found in the Panama Papers. While the people remain poor to is estimated that between 2003 and 2016 between $120 billion and $300 billion has been lost to corruption. In 2005 alone 27 officials in their Ministry of Defense were indicted for stealing over $1 billion; and in 2012, 14 officials for kickbacks on a $4.2 billion arms deal; and tens of corporations and banks taking billions in waste, fraud and abuse. Government salaries at some points were more than the receipts of the entire nation; and spending more than its oil revenues (of course the US has the Federal Reserve to loan us a half of trillion extra per year).
Ireland	Michael D. Higgins		N/A		4.8m/.06%/.2%	63k
The Celts were the first tribes in Ireland (Hibernia in Latin) centuries before the Romans landed. Irish warriors raided Roman encampments in Britain during the 2^nd and 3^rd century. Romans set up trade with Ireland, but they also took slaves from them. Christian missionaries built churches in Ireland in the 4^th century; and St. Patrick was said to have arrived about 431. By the 6^th century the Catholic Church had set up dioceses in Ireland. From about 795 to 902 the Vikings sent raids that reached Ireland. After the Vikings came the Normans (from France – William the Conqueror who took England in 1066 was a Norman). Between 846 and 1198 Ireland had about 20 High Kings. After the Norman invasions in 1171, Ireland was no longer ruled by high-kingship and was at conflict with England from the time King Henry II of England invaded. During the 14^th century English land Barons seized Irish lands. In 1509, King Henry VIII became the King of England and Ireland until in death in 1547 when his young son ruled; until his short life ended in 1553. Jane was executed and Queen Mary ruled until death when Queen Elizabeth I (daughter of Henry VIII) became Queen of England and Ireland and ruled to 1603. Then Mary’s son King James ruled until 1625; it was this king that commissioned the English KJ Bible. Then his son Charles I ruled, and then his son Charles II, and his son James; then William III, son of William & Mary ruled to 1702. Conflicts continued in Ireland, especially between Catholics and Protestants (Anglicans). In 1641 the Ulster Rebellion was against English rule; by 1703, Protestants owned about 90% of the land in Ireland. Between 1695 and 1728 Penal Laws restricted the rights of Catholics; from voting and buying land and receiving equal education. In 1760 King George III became King of Great Britain and Ireland and ruled 60 years until 1820. In 1801 the Act of Union abolished the Irish Parliament and Ireland became part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain (England, Scotland, and Wales) and Ireland. Revolts and protests followed. English land Barons evicted tenants from houses and turning their property into grazing land. In 1845 the Potato Famine began and about a million Irish emigrated to America and Canada. In 1905 the Sinn Féin (‘we ourselves’) Party began. In 1914 WWI again and the UK was at war putting the Dublin parliament issue on hold. In 1916 the Irish revolted and proclaimed their independence; they were suppressed and their leaders executed. In 1918, the Sinn Féin ‘Nationalist’ Party won 73 of Ireland’s 105 seats in the UK/Ireland Parliament and in 1919, 27 MPs met in Dublin and proclaimed themselves the Parliament of Ireland (the Dail Eireann). At that time the Irish Republican Army (IRA) waged guerrilla campaigns against British troops. In 1921, the Anglo-Irish Treaty established a Free State partitioned from Northern Ireland (part of UK). In 1937 a new constitution abolished the Free State and named Eire (Ireland) independent. In 1939, WWII began. In 1949, Eire became the Republic of Ireland. Northern Ireland continued to have conflicts for decades between Catholics and Protestants; as well as Britain and Ireland. In 2002 the Euro replaced the punt as the national currency in Ireland; yet, the English Pound sterling remained the currency in N. Ireland. In 2009 about 100,000 protested in Dublin as their unemployment rate passed 11%. That same year many of their Catholic adherents left the church after 46 priests were accused of sexual child abuse. In 2011 Michael Higgins was elected President; in 2014 he became the first head of state to officially visit Britain.
Israel	Reuben Rivlin		N/A		8.6m/.12%/.4%	52.3k
Ten generations after Adam came Noah and 10 generations later – Abraham, the father of nations. Eber was Noah’s great-grandson and the supposed origin of the word Hebrew. The line of Judah, son of Jacob – who is called ISRAEL (grandson of Abraham), was the linage of kings and from which we get the word Jew. Jesus is also called Son of David, because he was of the linage of Judah. About 2020 years after the creation of Adam, the Lord God called Abram to Canaan (about 1740 BC). And “the Lord made a covenant with Abram, saying, ‘to your offspring I give this land, from the river of Egypt to the great river, the river Euphrates. This is the land of the …Hittites (Egypt, Palestine, etc.)… Amorites (Syria and Iraq)… Canaanites (present day Levant: as in ISIS/ISIL; ISIraqSyria, IslamicStateIraqLevant)… (Gen. 15:18-21).” So the tribes of Jacob (Israel) grew in numbers and conquered much of Palestine. About 1522 BC there was a famine in Canaan and Jacob’s family traveled to Egypt (Joseph had already been sold to the Egyptians, promoted to Viceroy and prepared for the famine). About 6 generations later the Jews were slaves to Egypt. About 1312 Moses led the Jews out of Egypt in the Exodus. Yet, a great many of their people died in the wilderness over the next 40 years due to their doubt and rebellion against God. About 1250 BC Ramses II was Pharaoh of Egypt. By 1000 BC the population of the Jews was about 2 million; before the reign of King David and King Solomon. At this time the 12 tribes of Israel reigned in Palestine and the city of David – Jerusalem, Israel, where Solomon built the First Temple (832 BC). Over the next several centuries, Israel was ruled by good and evil kings. Around 734 BC the Assyrians began to take land from the Jews. Over the next 300 years, until the destruction of the Temple in 422 BC, the Jewish population was cut in half, and most were taken as slaves and many of them killed until the population was said to be about 300,000. About 370 BC King Cyrus allowed Jews to return to Israel and Jerusalem. About 352 BC construction began on the second Temple and by 334 BC the Wall was built around the Temple. Over the next 220 revolts and war continued until the Romans entered Judea around 110 BC. During the reign of Herod, Christ was born in Bethlehem, Israel. The Jews and Romans crucified Jesus about 29 AD in Jerusalem. Over the next few decades, the Romans began to place restrictions on the Jews and even took many as slaves. About 64 Nero kills Peter and Paul in Rome; about 67 he sends Vespasian and legions to Judea due to the Great Jewish Revolts (66-70). In 70 AD the population of the Jews was over 3 million. The revolts continued until in 70 AD, as recorded by the historian Josephus, the Romans under Titus, sieged Jerusalem, destroyed the Second Temple, took the gold of the Temple, killed a million Jews and took 100,000 as slaves. By 50 years later, after revolts and conflicts there population was half of the 3 million it had. During this time both Jewish synagogues and Christian churches were built. The Romans controlled the land until the time of Alexander the Great and the Greek Empire. Nevertheless, the Jews were dispersed throughout Europe, and Asia. During the 7^th century the Muslims began to conquer the territory, and over the next centuries Islamic forces conquer much of North Africa, Eastern Europe and Asia. In 691 the Dome of the Rock Mosque was built on Jerusalem’s holy Temple Mount. The Muslims dominated the Middle East; and as they went through these countries they took wives, built mosques, hospitals and schools and converted the people. As Muslims threatened Europe, in 1095 Christian armies from Europe went on the First Crusade to the Holy Lands and by 1099 they took Jerusalem. It had been under Muslim rule for about 450 years. The Christians waged several Crusade campaign; yet, in 1187 the Great Saladin (Salah ad-Din Yusuf), Sultan of Egypt and Syria, defeated the Christians. In 1229, Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor led the Sixth Crusade and negotiated a treaty over Jerusalem. Yet, it was short lived. And over the next several centuries the Jews remained ‘scattered among the nations’ as the prophets foretold (Jer. 9:16; Ezek. 12:15; 20:23; Zech. 10:9; Deut. 29:24). In 1729, the first Jewish synagogue was founded in New York. During the 19^th century the Ottomans controlled Palestine. In the 1800s, the London Society for Promoting Christianity Among the Jews and other such groups were seeking statehood for Israel and conversion of Jews. They felt it was time for the prophecy to be fulfilled, ‘I will bring you from the nations and gather you from the countries where you have been scattered (Ezek. 20:34; Micah 2:12; Zeph. 3:20; Jer. 31:10; etc.).’ In 1891, the Blackstone Memorial petition from 431 prominent Americans was sent to leaders around the world. It was ‘an outgrowth of the Conference between Christian and Jews… in Chicago…’ and called Israel to be again ‘a home for these wandering millions of Israel.’ After WWI, in 1917, Britain seized Palestine from the Ottomans. About that time the Balfour Declaration called for a ‘national home for the Jewish people’ in Palestine. The British exercised a mandate over Palestine; yet, the Muslims still had control over Jerusalem. The Muslims protested against Jewish migration into the territory, but in 1939, 10,000 a year were allowed to enter. Then WWII began, and again the Jewish population was cut in half – by Nazi Germany. Before WWII, the Jewish population of Poland was 3.25 million (3 million were killed during the holocaust); 1.2 million of the 2.8 from the U.S.S.R. were ‘exterminated;’ likewise for 300,000 of the 450,000 in Hungary and 180,000 of the 230,000 in Germany – many of which own land with Nazi tenants and banks with loans to Germans. In total it is estimated 6 million Jews were killed during the Holocaust. In 1939, about 9.5 million Jews lived in Europe and about 4.7 million in America and 2 million in the Soviet Union. After WWII ended the United Nations was founded and in 1947 the UN recommended that Palestine be partitioned and there be a ‘two-state solution.’ In 1948, Israel declared independence after the British mandate ended and immediately the First Arab-Israeli War began. About 750,000 Arabs fled of their 1.2 million. During the 1950s and 1960s over a million Jewish refugees and immigrants settled in Israel. In 1967, with Muslim armies and tanks on their borders with Egypt, Jordan and Syria; Israel launched a miraculous pre-emptive attack with disabled that air forces and took out many tanks. Israel prevailed to keep the land; but still the UN and Muslim Congresses back Islam control over the Temple Mount in Jerusalem. Wars and conflicts continued until several peace agreements were reached in the 1990s and broken. In 2007 a ‘two-state solution’ was again pushed for by the Muslim Palestinians. Thought many Israelis no longer practice their Jewish faith; most want to see the Temple rebuilt. In the meantime, much conflict. In 2014, Rivlin became the 10^th President of Israel. Benjamin Netanyahu is the 9^th and 13^th PM of Israel. In 2016, the US agreed to give Israel $38 billion in military aid over the next 10 years.
Italy	Sergio Mattarella		N/A		61m/.82%/4%	147k
About 1200 BC Phoenicians (from Palestine) sailed the Eastern Mediterranean and by 1000 BC they had settled in southern Italy. By 800 BC the Etruscan developed cities throughout the land of the Latins. According to legend, Romulus was the founder and first king of Rome about 750 BC (mythology says his father was Mars). Nevertheless, the Romans did war with the Etruscans, the Sabines, the Velentes, the Latins and other tribes until about the 4^th century BC when Rome was the dominant power. By 218 BC the Romans conquered Italia, but still warred against many tribe, including the Celts and Gauls. By the time of Julius Caesar (45 BC) they conquer lands into Egypt and well into Europe. By 100 AD the Roman Empire had conquered the Mediterranean and Europe, as well as Mesopotamia. About 452 Attila the Hun invaded Italy and after him Visigoth Germanic tribes. In 476 Caesar Romulus Augustus was deposed by King Odoacer; but it was Theoderic the Great, of the Ostrogoths, that killed Odoacer with his own hands and settled over 200,000 of his people in Italy. Civil War continued in Italy and throughout the former Roman Empire. It was during this time that the bishop of Rome and the Catholic Church gained power. By the 9^th century, Muslims threatened Italy, but it was Charlemagne, king of the Franks, the Lombards and Holy Roman Emperor that reigned over most of Western Europe. And most of the numerous kings and Holy Roman Emperors that followed preserved Italia and their own lands. As the centuries passed, Italy had bankers (Medici; etc.), merchants, bishops and Habsburg relations that protected and prosper it. From the 8^th century until about 1870 the Papal States (Vatican City State) had much power over Italy. In 1348 trade ships from Asia arrived in Italy with rats that carried Black Death – the Plague; which killed about 1/3 of Italy’s population and about ¼ of Europe’s. The 14^th and 15^th century was filled with invasions, civil war and conflicts. However, the 1400s had artist like da Vinci, Michelangelo and Raphael that created great works for the Church and the world. In 1527 Rome was sacked by the Spanish and Germans; then other cities like Florence were attacked. The Protestant Reformation and Catholic Counter Reformation would cause a never-ending Schism in the Church. After the death of the last Habsburg king of Spain in 1700, alliances took somewhat difference forms; countries were fighting border wars and kings were seeking to keep or gain power. In 1796, Napoleon invaded Italy and his forces remained until about 1814. In 1815, Italian states began to unify. In 1848, the First Italian War of Independence began, with revolutions by Italian states. The Second Italian War of Independence (Franco-Austrian War) was fought in 1859; and the Third (Austro-Prussian War) in 1866 when the kingdom of Italy pushed back the Austrians, and signed an alliance with Prussia. Emmanuel II was crowned King of Italy in 1861 – he was called the ‘Father of the Fatherland.’ Then his son Umberto I ruled until his death in 1900. In 1882, he signed the Triple Alliance with the German Empire and Austria-Hungary. His son, Victor Emmanuel III ruled as King of Italy for 46 year, through WWI and WWII, when Italy also sided at the beginning of the war with the Nazi Germany Axis. Then his son (4^th generation) reigned only 1 month and the monarchy was abolished after about 86 years. Though Italy had a king; it was Benito Mussolini that became their Fascist dictator in 1922 taking control of the ministries of defense, etc., until he was imprisoned in 1943 by King Emmanuel III and executed in 1945. Enrico De Nicola became the first President of Italy in 1948. In 1957, Italy was the founder member of the European Economic Community (EEC). For the next few decades Italy struggled – being pulled apart by its Communist, Socialist and Democratic parties fighting for power. In 1984, even Roman Catholicism lost its status as their state religion. Conflicts and high levels of corruption continued; along with bombings and protests. In 1992, during a corruption trial, the prosecutor, his wife and 3 bodyguards were killed by a car bomb. In 1993, bribery scandals lead to the Socialist Party’s leader resigning. In 2001 the constitution saw significant changes that helped the nation and its people. In 2002 the Euro replaced Italy’s highly inflated Lira. In 2002, media mogul (controlled about 90% of Italy’s national TV), PM Silvio Berlusconi was in the midst of several controversies from sex scandals to corporate fraud – 40 different inquests. Their Parliament allowed him to run his businesses while PM, then shortened terms for tax fraud. It was shown that he has ties with the Cosa Nostra mafia, but was not involved. Between 2007 and 2010 he and Putin and a close friend that owned 33% of CEIGH, tried to work out a Entergy contract, but Parliament blocked it due to ‘conflict of interest.’ Berlusconi resigned the PM post in 2011 having the office over 10 years since 1994; and was convicted in 2013 on one count; but on the count of sex with an underage prostitute the case is on appeal. It was found that in 2003 Italy lost billions due to fraud at the Parmalat Corporation; and they lost billions over the years due to back politics and corruption. In 2015, Mattarella was elected the 12^th President of Italy. Note: through the Vatican is in Rome, it is a separate government entity with its own euro printing press.
Jamaica	Andrew Holness		N/A		2.8m/.04%/.02%	3.4k
In 1494 Columbus sighted Jamaica and by 1509 the Spanish occupied the island. Due to diseases carried by the Spanish, many indigenous Arawak people died. African slaves were brought to the island to work plantations. In 1655 the British captured Jamaica; through it was not until 1670 and the Treaty of Madrid, that the Spanish ceded it to the Brits. Port Royal was known as a trading centre and home to privates or privateers. In 1838 slavery was abolished, yet blacks in the colony still suffered much hardship. Rebellions, protests and riots continued against the British until they gained their independence in 1962. The country’s people remained poor and in 1999 protests became violent as fuel prices increased about 30%. Through independent, Jamaica remained part of the British Commonwealth; and in 2012 sought a full break from Britain and in 2016 continued its path to become a Republic. The People’s National Party controlled their nation for almost 30 years; and Jamaica had been called by some, ‘an incurable state of corruption.’ In 2016, Holness of the Jamaica Labour Party was sworn in as PM, head of their government; and Queen Elizabeth is Queen of Jamaica’s Commonwealth.
Japan	Emperor Akihito				127m/1.7%/12%	107k
Around 2000 BC the Jomon inhabited ancient Japan. More than a thousand years later, the Yoyoi began to cultivate lands and make weapons. They also brought their religion; believed to be the beginning of Shintoism. According to their legends, Emperor Jimmu, son of a goddess, became the first emperor in 660 BC. About 57 AD the Han Dynasty of China sent emissaries to Japan. By the 5^th century, the Yamato clan controlled much of the island and established Japan’s imperial line. During the 6^th century China and Korea introduced Buddhism to Japan. For about 400 the Japanese were connected with the Chinese and Korean courts. In 794 Japan’s capital, ‘peace and tranquility,’ was in Heian-kyo – Kyoto with Emperor Kammu. By this time temples and shrines could be found in the cities. Over the next centuries conflicts and civil wars occurred. In the 12^th century, from the city of Kamakura rose a warrior class government lead by Shoguns (military leaders; dictators). The Shogun (Japanese: Bakufu or Shogunshoku), though below the emperor, had great power between about 1190 and 1333 with the siege of Kamakura during the Genko War. At that time, Go-Daigo, the 96^th emperor, stomped out the Shogun. It was during the 13^th century that Chinese monks fleeing the Mongols raiding China established a Zen school of Buddhism in Japan; by the 15^th century it was the most prominent of the Buddhists. In 1549, Catholic Jesuit Francis Xavier established a mission in Japan. During that period of time, Japan traded with western powers, such as Portugal. The Japanese purchased firearms and gained military strategies and strength. At this time, Japan was still divided, with the Oda clan controlling about half the territory. In Oda Nobunaga, said to be a brutal dictator, was assassinated in 1582. In 1600, ship pilot William Adams, first Englishmen to the country, washed up on Japan’s shore. He became an interpreter and agent of Tokugawa Ieyasu, Shogun of Japan after the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600. Yet it was the 107^th emperor, Go-Yozel, which had power over the nation. In 1638, during the reign of Empress Melsho (109^th) 37,000 rebels were killed; and the Christian religion was banned with the death sentence to its adherents. In 1853, after 200 years of isolation, US military ships forced Japan to welcome foreign influence. It was 1867, that shogun rule came to an end with the 15^th shogun, Tokugawa Yoshinobu. In 1894 Japan went to war against China; and due to its better guns, they saw victory. China ceded Taiwan to Japan in 1895. In 1904, the Japanese defeated the Russians in Manchuria. In 1910, Japan annexed Korea after years of war. During WWI, Japan fought on the side of the Allies and with Britain took many Pacific islands from Germany. In 1923, 100,000 people died following an earthquake; at that time the British ended their alliance with Japan due to the manner of its dominating East Asia. In 1932 a coup sought to topple the government, and did succeed in killing PM Tsuyoshi. In 1936, Japan signed an alliance Pact with Nazi Germany. In 1937, they attacked China, taking 3 of its great cities – Shanghai, Biejing and Nanjing. Many Japanese troops were brutal, not only killing 300,000 civilians, but accused of raping Chinese women. During WWII, 12/7/1941 Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in Hawaii and the US entered the war. In 1945 the US dropped 2 atomic bombs; one on Hiroshima and the other Nagasaki; 90% of the city was immediately destroyed and 80,000 killed in Hiroshima, 40,000 in Nagasaki; and tens of thousands more due to radiation. In 1947, under Japan’s new constitution all adults could vote – although the 124^th emperor Showa Hirohito held his status. In 1951, Japan signed a peace treaty with the US, and the US began to help rebuild Japan, with a new steel industry that would later reveal America and move Japan among the top of industrial powers. In 1956 Japan joined the UN. In 1989, after the death of Hirohito; emperor Akihito became emperor. In 1993, bribery scandals reveal corruption in the government. In 2001, a Japanese court overturned a compensation order for Japan to pay Korean women that were forced to be sex slaves during WWII. In 2007, PM Shinzo resigned and Yasuo Fukuda took the office. In 2008, Yasuo resigned and Taro Aso was appointed as new premier. In 2010, PM Hatoyama resigned and in 2011 PM Naoto resigned. In 2013 Japan asked the US to relocate the Okinawa military airbase. In 2016, the 125^th emperor, Akihito (83), indicated that he may relinquish his position.
Jordan	King Abdallah II		50m+		9.8m/.13%/.04%	7.3k
This land has been in the hands of the Egyptians, Hittites, Israelites, Assyrians, Babylonians, Greeks, Romans, Ottomans and various Arab tribes. The Emirate of Transjordan was established after WWII in 1921. In 1922 the League of Nations recognized it as a state with Britain as its protectorate. After WWII, in 1946, the Hashemite Kingdom of Transjordan became an independent state. In 1948 Jordan captured the West Bank territory contested with Israel. In 1949 it became the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan. Its population is over 90% Sunni Islam (Muslims); with a small minority of Christians – including thousands that fled Iraq. In 1950 Jordan annexed the West Bank; the following war King Abdullah was assassinated by a Palestinian accusing him of collusion with Israel. In 1952, Hussein declared himself King instead of his father, Talal. In 1967 and during the Yom Kippur War in 1973 Jordan Arabs waged war on Israel. Border wars and peace agreements continued for decades as the West Bank was pulled back and forth. In 1994, Jordan signed a peace treaty with Israel after 46 years of war. In 1999, King Hussein died after ruling 46 years. In 2002 the government shut down the Al-Jazeera office in Qatar. That year 8 Islamic militants killed a US government official and in 2004 were sentenced to death for the crime. In 2003, King Abdullah II allowed their first parliament elections. In 2005, 60 people were killed by Al-Qaeda suicide bombers at 3 international hotels in Amman. In 2009 the King dissolved parliament and appointed a premier. In 2010 riots broke out after Parliament elections. Over the next few years, Jordan went through three Prime Ministers. IN 2014 the deputy head of the Muslim Brotherhood was arrested. In 2016 the King said Jordan could not hold any more Syrian refugees after allowing about 1.5 million. In 2016 ISIS continued attacks in Jordan. Jordan is full of corruption, including bribery and friendship deals. In 2012 the former head of Jordanian intelligence, Muhammad Dhahabi, was arrested for money laundering and corruption. According to Swiss Leaks, King Abdullah II ben al-Hussein’s father claimed to be a ‘41^st-generation direct descendant of the Prophet Mohammad.’ They stated Abdullah II had about $41.8 million in an account in 2007.
Kazakhstan	Nursultan Nazarbayev		$1 B		18m/.25%/.1%	1.1k
About 2000 years ago Turkic tribes settled in the territory. Centuries later the Mongols invaded and settled in this country. During the 8^th century Muslim Arabs invaded. In 1219 Genghis Khan and the Mongols invaded and later mixed with the Turkic tribes. By the 15^th century the Kazakhs were the dominant tribe. Over the decades they split into three tribal unions under Khans. By 1822 the Russia Tsars held power over the Kazakhs. Civil wars and conflicts followed as Russians and Ukrainians began to settle and industrialize the land. During WWI, in 1916 about 150,000 people were killed during a rebellion. About 300,000 fled the country and civil war followed. At that time the Bolshevik revolution was taking place in Russia. In 1920, this land became part of USSR as Kyrgyz Province. During the next 20 years over a million people starve to death. In 1936, Kazakhstan became a Republic of the USSR. During the 1940s immigrants came from as far as Germany and Korean; followed in the 1950s by about 2 million Russians. In the 1980s many protested Gorbachev’s Communist appointments in the region. In 1991, a coup was attempted; later that year Nazarbayev was elected President. In 1993 they adopted a new constitution. In 1995, Nazarbayev’s term was extended to 2000; and he was reelected in 1999 and 2005. In 2002 an opposition party leader was jailed. In 2007 ‘Parliament’ voted for an unlimited number of terms for the President. In 2008, Nazarbayev’s son-in-law Aliyev, was sentenced to 20 years for plotting a coup. In 2011 for his own gratification the Dictator held elections. In 2011, riots broke out in Mangystau and 15 protestors were killed. Early that year thousands went on strike for poor pay and conditions. The strike was declared illegal by the courts and about 1000 employees were fired. In 2012 another opposition party leader was jailed for ‘attempting to overthrow the government.’ In 2013, Amnesty International reported that Nazarbeyev make false promises to end torture. In 2014, billionaire Ablyazov of Kazakh was extradited to Russia from France after charges fraud and corruption. In 2015, the Dictator won reelection with 98% of the votes and no opposition opponent. In 1999, it was discovered that Nazarbayev had $85 million in Swiss accounts. In 2002, some reported he embezzled about $1billion over the years from state oil revenues. His people remain very poor. Kazakhstan was one of the original 5 members of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization founded in 2001.
Kenya	Uhuru Kenyatta		500m		47m/.6%/.06%	.7k
The Kikuyu people lived around the Kerenyaga mountain. The name Kenya came from the Brits inability to pronounce it. In the 7^th century Arabs began settling on Kenya’s coastal lands. A thousand years later when the Portuguese arrived they were driven away by the Swahili and the Arabs. However, in the late 1800s the British were able to establish trading companies, such as the Imperial British East Africa Co., and soon afterwards sent in troops and declared the country a colony of Britain. In 1895 the placed a Governor over the Kenya Protectorate. Over the next 7 decades the Brits established a policy of racial discrimination, as they used the Africans to enrich England. The poorly paid Africans protested and revolts many times. In 1944, the Kenya African Union was founded; but it was not until after the 1952 Mau Mau guerrilla rebellion against white settlers that in 1954 they were able to elect representatives. In 1957 eight African leaders were elected. Protests continued against British rule. In 1963 the KANU won the majority of the House of Representatives and later that year declared Kenya to be an independent nation; and in 1964 the Republic of Kenya formed. Kenyatta became the president and in 1974 he was re-elected. After his death in 1978, his VP Moi succeeded him. In 1982, after the government declared Kenya a one-party state, a coup was attempted. The next decade continued with political struggles, as opposition leaders were arrested and in 1992 about 2,000 people were killed in a civil war. Yet, in 1992 and 1997 Moi won re-elections. In 1998, Al-Qaeda terrorists bombed the US embassy in Nairobi killing 224 and wounding thousands. Again in 2002 al-Qaeda extremists attacked killed 10 in an attack. That year Kibaki ended Moi’s 24 year reign as President/Dictator. After a protested 2007 election 1500 are killed. In 2013, Uhuru Kenyatta, son of the first President, won the presidency. Later that year more than 60 people were killed by an Islamic attack at a shopping mall in Nairobi. In 2014 Islamic terrorists killed 48 at hotels in Mpeketoni; in 2015 they killed 148 at Garissa College and in 2016 more than 100 soldiers were killed by Islamic militants of Al-Shabab in Somalia. In response police killed 81 suspected Muslim terrorists that December. In 2011, Kenyatta was reported by Forbes to be worth $500 million – the second richest Kenyan. He owns the nation’s largest dairy, media company, massive amounts of land; as well as hotels and the Commercial Bank of Africa. The people remain very poor and the government very corrupt.
Korea (South)	Park Geun-hye		N/A		51m/.7%/.1%	30.5k
Over 2000 years ago Korea was a land of tribal kingdoms between the Chinese and Japanese. By 50 BC most of the peninsula was the Korean Provinces of the Han Empire. By 200 the northern part was the Goguryeo Kingdom (Koguryo) and the southern made up of primarily 3 Confederacies. By 500, Koguryo was the largest of the kingdoms on the peninsula; and civil wars and conflicts continued throughout the centuries. The territory’s religion was mainly Confucianism and Buddhism. By 750 the southern Silla Kingdom greatly expanded into Koguryo; and refugee leaders of Koguryo founded the new state, Po-Hai. In 913, General Wang Kon, after years of campaigns against local clans, was appointed prime minister of Taebong by King Gung Ye. By 936 he helped aid the unification of the Three Kingdoms into Goryeo (Korea). By 1000, Buddhism was the dominant religion of the government. The land had about 200 years of stability until 1170 when General Jeong Jung-bu led a military coup and dethroned the king. If was said that in 1167 the General was mocked by the kings advisors and officials; and again in 1170 at a martial arts competition; which led to the coup. That led to about 100 years of military rule. It is said that in the early 13^th century movable type printing was invented in Korea. About that time the Mongol empire expanded its control into Korea over the vassal state. By 1368 the Mongols had been pushed out of China; and Korea regained its independence. From about 1392 to about 1897, Korea was ruled by the Choson (Joseon) or Yi Dynasty founded by Gen. Yi Song-gye who established their capital at Hanyang (Seoul). Gojong was the 26^th king of the dynasty and in 1897 became the first Emperor of Korea; ruling until 1907 when his son became the Emperor and ruled until 1910 at which time the Empire was abolished. In 1926 Gen. Prince Yeong became the Emperor and 28^th head of the Korean Imperial House; he ruled 44 years until his death in 1970. During WWII the Japanese occupied Korea; and after the war, in 1945, Korea gained independence. In 1948 it declared itself the Republic of Korea. About that time the Soviets set up a communist government in the north under Kim II-sung. In 1950 South Korea declared its independence from North Korean and the Korean War began. The war lasted until 1953 and claimed the lives of over 2.5 million people. The countries divided; in 1961 Chung-hee came to rule South Korea through a coup until he was assassinated in 1979. The dictatorship rule ended over S. Korea about that time. In 1986, the constitution was amended to allow direct elections. In 1987 President Chun left office in the face of protests. In 2002 conflicts led to deaths between North and South Korea. Over the last decades S. Korea has become one of the world’s largest economies through automotive and technology sells. Nevertheless, corruption and conflict still remains. In 2007 the head of Hyundai was jailed for embezzlement. In 2008 the nation suffered during the global financial crisis. In 2016 Geun-Hye, their first woman president, was accused of appointing friends to office with no experience; and faced impeachment for corruption. December her powers were suspended by Parliament.
N. Korea (DPRK)	Kim Il Sung		5B		25m/.3%/1.3%	1k
After WWII, in 1946, the North Korea’s Communist Party (Worker’s Party) backed by the Soviet Union took control. At that time Russian troops were in the north and US troops in the South. In 1948 the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea placed Kim il-sung as its leader. After the Korean War, in 1953, North and South Korea was split into two nations. In 1974, dictator Kim-il (Kim Song-ju) named his son Kim Jong-il as his successor. In 1994, after the death of his father, Kim Jong-il (Kim il) assumed the office and soon after placed troops on the south border in the demilitarizing zone ending the Armistice. In 1998 the country fired a test missile over Japan into the Pacific. In 2002, President Bush declared North Korea, Iraq and Iran an ‘axis of evil.’ By 2003 it was reported that N. Korea had nuclear weapon capability. They continued to test missiles regardless of the UN sanctions and warnings. In 2008, Kim Jong, who proclaimed himself a son of a god, suffered a major stroke. When he took office he destroyed 2,000 Buddhist temples and Christian churches and declared that his father was a reincarnated eternal general and even the ‘Sun’ and creator of the world. North Koreans bow daily to the statutes of Kim Jong-il and Kim il-sung. In 2011, after the death of the moral Kim Jong-il; his son Kim Jong-un took office. He continued nuclear weapon development and has launched many test missiles. In 2013 Jong-un executed his uncle for a said attempted coup plot. In US continues to impose sanctions on N. Korea, and unless the SCO steps in, conflict is just a matter of time. A high level diplomat defector, Yong-ho, said in London in 2016 that ‘Kim Jong-un’s days are numbered.’ If he continues serious nuclear threat against S. Korea, his chances of assassination grow – but one can only guess how much of a ‘god’ he believes he is; and how much his people will follow him. The people remain very poor and oppressed; as the dictator takes mistresses; luxuries not granted to his own people and embezzles at will. He is worth the net assets of about 5 million of his nation’s people.
Kosovo	Hashim Thaci		1m		1.85m/.03%/< .1%	.5k
According to Independent Balkan News (8/2014), Kosovo’s Agency Against Corruption reported that members of parliament live a luxurious life compared to their average citizens. They have high salaries, villas, and expensive cars. Fifth President and former Prime Minister Hashim Thaci (called ‘the snake;’ former leader of Kosovo Liberation Army) has a home 220 thousand square meters on a 250 square meter lot; as well as his inherited country home. Though in 2014 his cash wealth was about 55,000 Euros, it was about 110,000 times the average citizen; and his net worth (about $600,000) over a million times the average citizen’s. Thaci is said to have ‘extensive criminal links,’ including trafficking of heroin and cocaine according to The Washington Times. French ‘Le Figaro’ News reported Thaci would be charged by the International Criminal Tribunal of former Yugoslavia for Organ trafficking. BBC News reported a Council of Europe statement in 2010 saying Thaci was involved in trafficking organs from Serbian prisoners.

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Examination of World Leaders Part 4

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