CHRISTIAN HISTORY: 611 – 1054
(Muhammad – the Great Schism)
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Chronology of Church History and related Events |
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| Bells and Organs used | Europe | Late 6th / early 7th century in churches | |
| Bishop Isidore of Seville, Spain was elevated to bishop c.600/1. He was born to a rich Roman-Hispano Catholic family. All the siblings were made ‘saints:’ Archbishop Leander, bishop Fulgentius, Florentina (nun; ruled 40 convents), and Isidore. | |||
| After the Merovingian king Clovis (son of Childric I), first king of the Franks to unite the tribes (French), died in 511, his sons divided the kingdom. Chlothar I reigned from 511 to 558, then his son Chilperic I. At that time Sigebert I reigned as king of Austrasia from 561-575; Theuderic II, king of Burgundy and Austrasia reign to 613 – he was the son of Childebert II. Chlothar II, ruled over the Franks from 613 to 629 when Dagobert took over – he would be the last Merovingian king with significant power. In 639 he was buried in Saint Denis Basilica (opened c. 636), France. | |||
| Missionaries in England | 611 | Kent and Essex have been converted for a decade | |
| St. Paul’s Cathedral | 611 | London; Catholic services (604 construction) | |
| Muhammad preaches | c.613 | Leaders of Mecca try to assassinate Muhammad | |
| Emperor Heraclius | 610-641 | Byzantine Empire; war w/Sassanid until 628 | |
| Heraclius makes Greek official language of Eastern Roman Empire. He drives back the Persians out of Asia Minor. Persian King Khosrau II defeated 628, then executed by his own son Kavadh II. Heraclius takes title ‘King of kings;’ Basileus (Emperor/King). | |||
| Pope Boniface V | 619 | Rome | Deacons are to perform baptism |
| Archbishop Mellitus | 619 | England | 3rd Archbishop of Canterbury |
| 2nd Council of Seville | 619 | Spain | Bishop Isidore presides |
| 622: After the death of his wife and uncle and danger in Mecca, Muhammad travels to oasis town Yathrib where there is a civil war. His father was known and buried there. He wins over followers and the town becomes known as Medina – city of the Prophet. He and his converts fight several battles over several years until treaty in 628 in which the Muslims in Arabia are recognized. Muhammad proclaims to have been flown to Jerusalem by the angel Gabriel and received the Quran (Koran) | |||
| Pope Honorius I | 625 | Served 13 years to death; in 680 – called heretic | |
| Honorius restored churches in Rome and repaired aqueducts. Died in 638. | |||
| King of Northumbria | 627 | Britannia | Converts to Christianity |
| Bishops in Ireland | 630 | Urged to keep Easter by Pope Honorius I | |
| Conquest of Mecca | 630 | Saudi Arabia | Tribes join Muhammad |
| Muslims | 632 | Most of Arabian Peninsula under Islam | |
| Pilgrimage to Mecca | 632 | Muhammad and tens of thousands make trip | |
| 632: Abu al-Qasim Muhammad founder of Islam and self-proclaimed prophet dies | |||
| Abu Bakr (Sunni) | 632 | Claims to be successor of Muhammad | |
| Ali ibn Abi Talib (Shia) | 632 | Claims to be successor of Muhammad | |
| Abu Bakr was Muhammad’s father-in-law and Ali was his cousin and son-in-law | |||
| 4th Council of Seville | 633 | Spain | All bishops of Hispania attended |
| Abu Bakr dies | 634 | He converted Uthman ibn Affan | |
| Bishop Isidore dies | 636 | Seville | Wrote Etymologiae encyclopedia |
| Umar ibn Al-Khattab | 634-644 | 2nd Caliph sets up Muslim government | |
| Muslims / Islamic army | 638 | Muslims capture Jerusalem (Holy City) | |
| Muslim empire expands and Arabia, Iraq, Egypt, Persia, Syria establish provinces | |||
| Great Plague and famine | 639 | After Jerusalem was taken, famine and a great plague came over Arabia, Syria and Palestine. | |
| Alexandria captured | 641 | Muslims conquer city burn much of Great Library | |
| Umar assassinated | 644 | Persians kill ruler after Muslim conquer Persia | |
| Uthman ibn Affan | 644 | Arabia | Becomes 3rd Muslim Caliph |
| Quran / Koran | c. 652 | Qur’an is written and formalized | |
| Ar.bp. Honorius dies | 653 | 5th Archbishop of Canterbury ; aided Felix | |
| Bishop Felix dies | c. 648 | First bishop of ‘kingdom of the East Angles’ | |
| Mid-7th century Celtic Christian missionaries spread the faith throughout Great Britain | |||
| Between 640 and 687 there were 14 Catholic popes; Theodore served about 7 years; Martin I served about 6 and Vitalian about 15 years, 10 combined served less time. | |||
| 661: Al-Hasan is said to be the 2nd Imam of all Muslims according to Shia Islam | |||
| Synod of Whitby | 664 | England adopts Roman Catholic faith | |
| Ar. Bp. Theodore | 668-693 | A.bishop of Canterbury sets up diocese in England | |
| 3rd Council of Constantinople | 680: condemns monothelitism (Armenia & Syria) | ||
| 680: Wilfrid begins converting Sussex – last Saxon kingdom to become Christian | |||
| Pope Sergius I | 687 | Becomes pope; opposed by two antipopes | |
| 690: Theodore of Tarsus, Archbishop of Canterbury dies. He mediated between Celtic and Catholic Christians; and was first archbishop to whom England gave allegiance. | |||
| Dome of the Rock | 691 | Muslim Mosque completed in Jerusalem | |
| Codex Amiatinus | 692 | Oldest known copy of Latin Vulgate completed | |
| Quinisext | 692 | Council codifies canon law of Eastern Church | |
| Quinisext Ecumenical Council was convened by at Justinian II in Constantinople. It was called the Fifth-Sixth Council; and had 211 bishops from the Eastern Roman Empire. | |||
| Archbishop Berhtwald | 693 | England | First English born Archbishop |
| Berhtwald, AB of Canterbury, aided King Wihtred of Kent in developing English laws. | |||
| About 700, waterwheel technology spreads throughout Europe. Also at this time, Christians begin to wear black to funerals; and stirrups are introduced to Europe. | |||
| Pope Sergius I dies | 701 | He is followed by John VI, John VII and Sisnnius | |
| John of Damascus | c. 710 | Was preaching and writing works in Syria | |
| John supported icons in worship, yet many Christians felt they were becoming idols | |||
| Moors invade Spain | 711 | Muslims from N. Africa invade Iberian Peninsula | |
| Pope Constantine dies | 715 | Syrian took title of ‘pappas’ or ‘Pope’ – father | |
| Matt. 23:9 – ‘do not call anyone on earth father; you have one Father… in heaven.’ | |||
| Charles Martel | 718 | Son of Pepin becomes Prince of the Franks | |
1054 Schism
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